Major Areas of Agriculture
There are
different specialized areas in agriculture which are geared towards the
development of better forming system and the production of more food.
1. Agricultural
Education- -It is designed to teach the best agricultural techniques so that
land, pasture, and other agricultural resources may be utilized for maximum profit.
2. Agricultural
Engineering - It is the study of the development of design of irrigation
system, drainage, conservation, mechanization, which are important Sanitation,
and in scientific farming.
3. Agricultural
Chemistry - It deals with the nutrition of plants and m animals and the
production
of food for
human consumption. The analysis of food is an important activity of the agricultural
chemist.
4.
Biotechnology – It is considered one of the significant milestones to affect
agricultural development. It is a technique that uses living organisms to make
or modify a product to improve plants or animals.
5.
Agricultural Marketing - is the process of moving or transporting farm products
from farmers to consumers.
6.
Agricultural Management- It is a branch of agriculture that applies economic
and business principles in the management of farm enterprise to achieve the
greatest profit.
Product Types
Agriculture is further
classified according to product types.
1. Crop Production
Examples: rice,
corn, fruits, vegetables, flowers,
tobacco, rubber
2. Animal or Livestock Production
Examples: poultry,
piggery
3. Fish Culture
Examples: milk
fish, tilapia, prawn culture
4. Bee Culture - for the production of honey and other
products
5. Culture of crocodile for the production of leather and snake
for the production of venom serum.
6. Culture of exotic birds and tropical fishes for pet lovers.
7. Raising and breeding of horses for sports, and dogs such
as German Shepherds and Great Dane for pet and security purposes.
8. Sericulture or the culture of silkworm for the production
of silk.
9. Propagation of ornamental plants and trees for landscaping
10. Production of cut flowers and herbal plants for local and
export markets
Mechanization
The Philippines is considered a leader in rice research
among Asian countries. However there are times when it has to import rice and
corn to fill up local needs. One factor that affects crop production is
mechanization or the application of machinery and equipment to facilitate farm
work like plowing.
1 .A crane facilitates the hauling of sugarcane into tracks.
Some cranes have weighing scales.
2. A modern combine is a machine that can cut, thresh, and
clean crops at the same time
.
3. A modern grain drill can drop seed in the soil, plant a
com, and fertilize the ground
4. The fruit-picking machine is used for fruit trees such as
oranges and apples. The jaws of this machine grab the trunk of the tree and
shake it while the fruits fall into a container then to a storage compartment.
Industrialized countries g generally practices large mechanized
farming.
The Use of
Computer in Farming
The computer is a very important tool characteristic,
production cost, crop yield, for farm managers. Data such as genetic and market
prices are quickly, efficiently, and cheaply processed and tallied by computer.
Such data are especially valuable to the farmer in reducing guess work in
planning farm operations.
Farmers in developed countries use computers in the farm to
reduce their work load and boost efficiency. Computer-operated equipment are
used to facilitate such activities as feeding livestock and harvesting crops.
These Computers can also be help used farmers in determining
determine the amount right time of fertilizer for planting to be and used
harvesting in plants and their track crops. The population of harmful and
beneficial insects.
Crop
Production
Early man learned to cultivate plants because he needed food
to eat instead of going to the forest to look for it. He also used plants in
making a shelter and clothes to cover his body.
Modern man planted more crops as food for his family, for his
neighbors, and for the animals he used in the field. He also discovered many
useful products from plants which
he used as medicine, fuel, ornament, perfume, and
many more.
Plant
Production
Crop production
involves the propagation and cultivation of plants for food, shelter, clothing,
medicine, and ornamental purposes. In this study, we will deal with the
cultivation of plants in the garden and with some ideas on bottle gardening.
There are different fields of specialization
in raising variety of crops.
1.Agronomy - refers
to the production of field crops such as rice and corn on a large or commercial
scale.
2.Horticulture -
deals with the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental trees
3. Fruit culture
- is involved in fruit production (trees, shrubs, and vines)
4. Floriculture -
is a specialized field that deals with the study and production of flowers.
5. Arboriculture
- is the cultivation of trees and shrubs for decorative or ornamental purposes.
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